Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Li Jia[original query] |
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Does the distribution of adverse workplace psychosocial exposures differ by gender, race/ethnicity, or nativity
Alterman Toni , Li Jia . Ann Epidemiol 2022 73 52-52 Purpose | Health inequities are believed to result from differential accumulation of experiences, including exposure to adverse workplace psychosocial characteristics. We investigated whether national prevalence estimates for adverse workplace psychosocial exposures differ by gender, race/ethnicity, or nativity (born in the U.S. or not). | | Methods | Adverse workplace psychosocial factors examined included high job demands, low job control, low supervisory support, work-family interference, bullying, and job insecurity. Data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey were stratified by gender and weighted. After adjustment for age, education, class of worker (e.g., private company, federal, state, or local government, self-employed, working without pay in family-owned business or farm), and family income, prevalence's and prevalence ratios were calculated for each workplace psychosocial exposure by race/ethnicity, and nativity. Rao-Scott 2 test and adjusted Wald F test were used to assess pairwise associations between each workplace psychosocial exposure and demographic characteristic. | | Results | Findings suggest that gender, race/ethnicity, and nativity are each associated with differential exposure to multiple adverse workplace psychosocial job characteristics. | | Conclusions | We do not know whether workers self-select into specific jobs having these characteristics, or whether the experience of these adverse psychosocial risk factors may be due to unconscious or conscious differential treatment by the organization. Sociodemographic characteristics can be important determinants of occupational exposures, independent of the industry or job in which the workers are employed. |
Health Care Access Among Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers, 31 States, 2017-2018.
Boal WL , Li J , Silver SR . Public Health Rep 2021 137 (2) 33354921996688 OBJECTIVES: Essential workers in the United States need access to health care services for preventive care and for diagnosis and treatment of illnesses (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] or other infectious or chronic diseases) to remain healthy and continue working during a pandemic. This study evaluated access to health care services among selected essential workers. METHODS: We used the most recent data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017-2018, to estimate the prevalence of 4 measures of health care access (having health insurance, being able to afford to see a doctor when needed, having a personal health care provider, and having a routine checkup in the past year) by broad and detailed occupation group among 189 208 adults aged 18-64. RESULTS: Of all occupations studied, workers in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were most likely to have no health insurance (46.4%). Personal care aides were most likely to have been unable to see a doctor when needed because of cost (29.3%). Construction laborers were most likely to lack a personal health care provider (51.1%) and to have not had a routine physical checkup in the past year (50.6%). Compared with workers in general, workers in 3 broad occupation groups-food preparation and serving; building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; and construction trades-had significantly lower levels of health care access for all 4 measures. CONCLUSION: Lack of health insurance and underinsurance were common among subsets of essential workers. Limited access to health care might decrease essential workers' access to medical testing and needed care and hinder their ability to address underlying conditions, thereby increasing their risk of severe outcomes from some infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Improving access to health care for all workers, including essential workers, is critical to ensure workers' health and workforce stability. |
Prevalence of Underlying Medical Conditions Among Selected Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 31 States, 2017-2018.
Silver SR , Li J , Boal WL , Shockey TL , Groenewold MR . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (36) 1244-1249 Certain underlying medical conditions are associated with higher risks for severe morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). Prevalence of these underlying conditions among workers differs by industry and occupation. Many essential workers, who hold jobs critical to the continued function of infrastructure operations (2), have high potential for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, because their jobs require close contact with patients, the general public, or coworkers. To assess the baseline prevalence of underlying conditions among workers in six essential occupations and seven essential industries, CDC analyzed data from the 2017 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys, the most recent data available.* This report presents unadjusted prevalences and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for selected underlying conditions. Among workers in the home health aide occupation and the nursing home/rehabilitation industry, aPRs were significantly elevated for the largest number of conditions. Extra efforts to minimize exposure risk and prevent and treat underlying conditions are warranted to protect workers whose jobs increase their risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2. |
Race, Age, and Geography Impact Hepatitis C Genotype Distribution in the United States.
Gordon SC , Trudeau S , Li J , Zhou Y , Rupp LB , Holmberg SD , Moorman AC , Spradling PR , Teshale E , Boscarino JA , Daida YG , Schmidt MA , Lu M . J Clin Gastroenterol 2017 53 (1) 40-50 GOALS: To determine the impact of geography and patient characteristics on hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and subtype distribution in a large sample of patients under routine clinical care BACKGROUND:: HCV genotype impacts disease course and response to treatment. Although several studies have reported genotype distribution within specific US populations, there are no comprehensive descriptions in large, geographically diverse cohorts. STUDY: Using data from the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study, we present the distribution of HCV genotypes (GT) and subtypes (ST) among a racially diverse cohort of over 8000 HCV-infected patients from four large US health systems. RESULTS: Genotype distribution varied significantly by geographic and demographic factors. In age-adjusted analyses, African American patients had significantly higher prevalence of GT1 (85%) than other racial categories, largely driven by a markedly higher proportion of GT1 subtype b ( approximately 34%) than in Asian/other (24%) and white (21%) patients. GT3 represented an increasing proportion of infections as birth decade progressed, from 4% in patients born before 1946 to 18% of those born after 1976. Within the cohort of "living/uncured" patients, highly elevated alanine aminotransferase (>2 times the upper limit of normal) was significantly more common in GT3 patients, whereas Fibrosis-4 Index scores indicative of cirrhosis were most common in the combined group of GT4&6 patients. CONCLUSION: Distribution of HCV genotypes and subtypes in the United States is more variable than suggested by previous national-level estimates and single-center studies. "Real-world" prevalence data may improve targeting of prevention, screening, and treatment efforts for hepatitis C. |
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